解决CubeCloud Centos7系统firewalld不能启动的问题 以及简单的使用教程

出现的问题

cubecloud的centos7修改使用了iptables防火墙，但他的firewalld不能启动。
注意iptables和firewalld不能同时运行

systemctl disable iptables 禁止开机启动iptables
systemctl stop iptables 关闭iptables

问题1
启动报错

systemctl restart firewalld
Failed to restart firewalld.service: Unit is masked.

解决办法

systemctl unmask firewalld.service

问题2
无报错，无法启动

firewall-cmd --state
not running

查看详细信息

 systemctl  status firewalld
    
    firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
       Active: inactive (dead) since Wed 2017-11-08 09:51:17 CST; 36s ago
         Docs: man:firewalld(1)
      Process: 2061 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid $FIREWALLD_ARGS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
     Main PID: 2061 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    
    Nov 08 09:51:17 CubeCloud-201763575 systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
    Nov 08 09:51:17 CubeCloud-201763575 firewalld[2061]: ERROR: Exception DBusException: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.AccessDenied: Connection ":1.22" is not allowed to own the service "org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1" d...figuration file
    Nov 08 09:51:17 CubeCloud-201763575 systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
    Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

解决办法
新建DBus需要的配置文件

vi /etc/dbus-1/system.d/com.foxbryant.demo.conf

<!DOCTYPE busconfig PUBLIC  
 "-//freedesktop//DTD D-BUS Bus Configuration 1.0//EN"  
 "http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/dbus/1.0/busconfig.dtd">  
<busconfig>  
  <policy user="root">  
    <allow own="com.foxbryant.demo"/>  
    <allow send_destination="com.foxbryant.demo"/>  
    <allow send_interface="com.foxbryant.demo"/>  
  </policy>  
  
  <policy user="foxbryant">  
    <allow own="com.foxbryant.demo"/>  
    <allow send_destination="com.foxbryant.demo"/>  
    <allow send_interface="com.foxbryant.demo"/>  
  </policy>  
  
</busconfig>

问题3
无法添加端口

firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-port=80/tcp
success

firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-all
public
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces:
  sources:
  services: ssh dhcpv6-client
  ports:
  protocols:
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports:
  source-ports:
  icmp-blocks:
  rich rules:

解决办法
安装iptables

yum -y install iptstate
systemctl disable iptables

问题4
status报错

systemctl  status firewalld

ERROR: Failed to read file "/proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_helper": [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_helper'

解决办法
重启（可以先不解决，注意先添加ssh的端口）

reboot

简单的使用教程

红帽官方中文教程地址
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/zh-cn/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/security_guide/sec-using_firewalls

禁止ping
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all
开启ping
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all

安装firewall

yum install firewalld

服务相关

systemctl disable firewalld
systemctl enable firewalld
systemctl start firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl restart firewalld
firewall-cmd --state

查看当前防火墙规则

firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-all

重载防火墙

firewall-cmd --reload

查看当前接口情况

firewall-cmd --get-active-zones

IP伪装端口转发

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-masquerade  --zone=external
firewall-cmd --add-forward-port=port=22:proto=tcp:toport=3753 --permanent  --zone=external
firewall-cmd --add-forward-port=port=22:proto=tcp:toaddr=192.0.2.55 --permanent  --zone=external
firewall-cmd --add-forward-port=port=22:proto=tcp:toport=2055:toaddr=192.0.2.55 --permanent  --zone=external

添加删除http限制并发规则

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-rich-rule='rule service name="http" limit value="80/s" accept' --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-rich-rule='rule service name="http" limit value="80/s" accept' --permanent

添加删除80端口限制并发规则

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-rich-rule='rule port port=80 protocol=tcp limit value="80/s" accept' --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-rich-rule='rule port port=80 protocol=tcp limit value="80/s" accept' --permanent

添加删除tcp端口

firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-port=80/tcp
firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --remove-port=80/tcp

黑名单

firewall-cmd --zone=drop --add-source 192.168.1.1
firewall-cmd --zone=drop --remove-source 192.168.1.1

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-rich-rule='rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.0.0/24" drop' --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-rich-rule='rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.1.1" drop' --permanent

rule

rule [family="<rule family>"]
    [ source address="<address>" [invert="True"] ]
    [ destination address="<address>" [invert="True"] ]
    [ <element> ]
    [ log [prefix="<prefix text>"] [level="<log level>"] [limit value="rate/duration"] ]
    [ audit ]
    [ accept|reject|drop ]

port
端口既可以是一个独立端口数字，又或者端口范围，例如，5060-5062。协议可以指定为 tcp 或 udp 。命令为以下形式：

port port=number_or_range protocol=protocol